In honour of National Aboriginal Day, we thought to blog on
some of the Métis beadwork in our museum collection.
St. Albert is fortunate to have access to some exceptional
examples of Métis beadwork. Métis beadwork was identified by highly decorative
floral designs; in fact, the Dakota Sioux and Cree called the Métis the “Flower
Beadwork People”. Métis adorned garments and personal items of all kinds with
imaginative designs of brightly coloured and metallic beads. Occasionally, when Europeans began searching
for items to collect, other cultural groups sold the highly desirable Métis
work as their own, creating confusion as to the real source of the pieces.
Beadwork designs have traditionally been shared, adapted and
passed on from one individual to another and from one community to another.
Women were inspired by each others work, incorporating new ideas not only from
other beaded items but also from painted designs, porcupine quillwork, and even
European embroidery. As patterns and techniques moved throughout the northwest
it often became difficult to attribute a style to a particular culture or area.
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| Beaded purse by Desjarlais 2009.08.07 |
Today’s blog post features the work and stories of two women
whose craft we have in our holdings...
About Mary Desjarlais
Pierre Gray was a well-known and very successful free trader
near Grande Cache. In 1868 he married Marie Delorme. They adopted Mary
Desjarlais along with four other children from the Lake Isle area. Mary was
born ca. 1892 and was raised on the Gray’s farmstead at Lake Isle where Pierre
and Marie ran a stopping place. The items made by her were likely produced in
the hamlet of Marlboro, near Edson.
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| Vamp beaded by Desjarlais, 2009.08.01 |
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| Gauntlet beaded by Desjarlais, 2009.08.11 |
About Victoria Callihoo (née Belcourt)
The daughter of a Cree
medicine woman, Victoria Belcourt was born in Lac Ste. Anne in November 1862,
and was baptized by Father Albert Lacombe, OMI. She
only attended school for a short time. As a young girl of thirteen, she took
part in her first buffalo hunt in a traditional Red River cart. She later described the hunt and also her
early years at Lac Ste. Anne.
In 1879 Victoria married
Louis Callihoo and together they had twelve children – six boys and six
girls. Their household spoke both French
and Cree. As with many supplies, fabric for the family’s clothing came from the
Hudson’s Bay Company. The women of the family wore traditional leggings made of
black velvet, which were beautifully beaded on the outside of the leg.
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| Fragment of a vest possibly beaded by Callihoo, 1988.14.03 |
As well as raising a family,
Victoria and her husband hauled freight for the Hudson’s Bay Company between
Edmonton and Athabasca Landing. Many of the Métis in this region made their
living by transporting supplies. Women took part in all types of work to help
bring in money and Victoria was able to use her skill as a horsewoman to help
her family. Louis and Victoria also farmed, had a sawmill, and ran a hotel for
a time.
Louis Callihoo passed away
in 1926. When Victoria got older, she
moved away from Lac Saint Anne, but continued to attend the religious
pilgrimage every year until she was 98 years old. Always an avid dancer, at the age of 100 she
danced a Red River Jig at her birthday celebration. Victoria Callihoo was 104
when she died at the Youville Home in St. Albert. She credited her long life to the abstinence
of alcohol and tobacco, combined with lots of exercise and as much fresh air as
possible.
